it is very important for managers, investors and financial policy-makers to detect and analyze factors affecting financial markets to obtain optimal decision and reduce risks. the importance of market analysis and attempt to improve its behavior understanding, has led analysts to use the experiences of other professionals in the fields such as social sciences and mathematics to examine the inte...

We generalize Baeten and Boerboom’s method of forcing, and apply this to show that there is a fixed sequence (uk)k∈ω of closed (untyped) λ-terms satisfying the following properties: a) For any countable sequence (gk)k∈ω of continuous functions (of arbitrary arity) on the power set of an arbitrary countable set, there is a graph model such that (λx.xx)(λx.xx)uk represents gk in the model. b) For...